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Matsushima-class cruiser
The was a class of protected cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), with three ships named after the three most famous scenic spots in Japan. The ''Matsushima'' class was a highly unorthodox design among cruisers of the 1890s, in that each ship had a primary armament of a single massive Canet gun, resulting in a monitor-like appearance.
==Background==
Forming the backbone of the Imperial Japanese Navy during the First Sino-Japanese War, the ''Matsushima''-class cruisers were based on the principles of Jeune Ecole, as promoted by French military advisor and naval architect Louis-Émile Bertin.〔Roksund, ''The Jeune École: The Strategy of the Weak'';〕 The Japanese government did not have the resources or budget to build a large battleship navy to counter the heavier vessels of the Imperial Chinese Beiyang Fleet; instead, Japan adopted the radical theory of using smaller, faster warships, with light armor and small caliber long-range guns, coupled with a massive single main weapon. The design eventually proved impractical, as the recoil from the huge cannon was too much for vessels of such small displacement, and reloading time on the cannon was impractically long; however, the ''Matsushima''-class cruisers served their purpose well against the poorly equipped and poorly led Imperial Chinese Beiyang Fleet.
There were originally plans to build a fourth vessel in this class, and its cancellation due to concerns over the design was one of the factors that led to Bertin's resignation and return to France.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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